120 Years of “Lemurology”: A Qualitative Review of What We Have Learned

The high diversity and microendemism of Madagascar's evolutionary unique primates, lemurs, have attracted scholars and scientists from various disciplines for more than a century. Unfortunately, lemur populations are facing high risks threatening their continued existence. A synthesis of the current knowledge about this unique taxonomic group is, therefore, timely to establish a foundation for future studies that can be used in evidence‐based actions in both in situ and ex situ conservation settings. This review explores the extensive body of published research about lemurs, consolidating findings from various studies. Covering a range of topics, the review synthesizes about 120 years of scientific articles, starting in 1900, to summarize current advances in scientific studies about lemur, that is, “Lemurology”, beyond reports of their discoveries and descriptions. It also addresses the conservation challenges these animals face, emphasizing the urgent need for effective protective measures. By synthesizing and analyzing a wealth of scientific literature, this review can serve as an important resource for researchers, conservationists, and educators interested in lemur biology and conservation.