Navigating Adversity: An Analysis of COVID-19's Impact on Sociodemographic Factors and Academic Outcomes Among Engineering Undergraduates in Nigeria

Background: This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the academic performance of engineering students in Nigeria, focusing on the challenges of the rapid transition to online learning. Objectives: To analyze the sociodemographic factors influencing the academic experiences of undergraduate engineering students during this period. Methodology: Study was a cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire to assess demographic characteristics, GPAs before and during the pandemic, and online learning experiences. Statistical analyses, including paired-samples t-tests and correlation analyses, were performed. Results: A significant decline in GPA was observed, from an average of 3.45 pre-pandemic to 2.95 during the pandemic (t(652) = 14.27, p < 0.001). Third-year students reported the most substantial decline. Positive correlations were found between GPA and both time spent on online learning (r = 0.45, p < 0.001) and perceived quality of instruction (r = 0.50, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results highlight the need for enhanced digital infrastructure and improved online instruction quality to support students during crises. These findings contribute to the literature on educational disruptions and provide recommendations for developing resilient academic frameworks.