Monitoring Layout and Optimisation Method Based on Minimum Weighted Vertices of Roads

By analyzing the coverage model of cameras, a surveillance camera network model based on road vertex coverage is proposed, and an optimized deployment method for cameras based on the Minimum Weighted Vertex Cover (MWVC) model is given. The greedy algorithm is used to solve the MWVC problem, where vertex weights are defined based on adjacency degree to guide the selection process. The results from large-scale simulation experiments (10,000 runs) show that compared to the traditional Minimum Vertex Cover (MVC) model, this method reduces the number of monitoring points by approximately 15 on average (a relative reduction of about 2%). In a practical case study of a township in Wuwei City, Gansu Province, this method optimized the number of required monitoring poles from 62 to 33 (a 46.8% reduction) and the number of cameras from 196 to 98 (a 50% reduction), while ensuring 100% road coverage. This research provides a practical theoretical basis and decision-making support for the low-cost, high-efficiency layout of surveillance equipment in smart city infrastructure.