Screening recommendations for early detection of idiopathic scoliosis – consensus by a multidisciplinary Task Force at Committee for Rehabilitation, Physical Culture and Social Integration of Polish Academy of Sciences

Introduction and objective: Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine with an unknown aetiology. Untreated idiopathic scoliosis may lead to trunk deformities that compromise body aesthetics, reduce chest wall mobility, and decrease physical capacity. Therefore, early detection of idiopathic scoliosis is crucial as it can minimise the risk of idiopathic scoliosis progression, and can eliminate the need for surgical treatment. In Poland, there is no standardised screening system for early detection of idiopathic scoliosis. The aim of the study was to develop the recommendations for screening of idiopathic scoliosis. Materials and methods: Fifteen experts, including physiotherapists, physicians and physical education teachers, created a Team of Experts in order to develop recommendations. Team members were divided into three groups, each tasked with addressing the following issues: “How to screen?”, “Who and when to screen?”, and “Who should screen?”. The recommendations were evaluated using the Delphi technique and the nominal group technique in two areas: agreement and the strength of recommendations. Results: A total of 16 recommendations for early detection of idiopathic scoliosis were developed. Conclusions: 1. Screening should use reliable, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tools and methods to minimise the risk of under- and overdiagnosis. Measurements of the angle of trunk rotation performed using a scoliometer meet the above criteria. 2. A recommended cut-off for angle of trunk rotation for early detection of idiopathic scoliosis should be ≥7°.