Prognoses of patients with hematological malignancies after haploidentical or HLA-matched sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective To compare the efficacy of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and HLA-identical transplantation for hematologic diseases, and analyze risk factors related to overall survival (OS). Methods There were 81 patients with hematological malignancies receiving Allo-HSCT from October, 2011 to July, 2017. The patients were divided into two groups: 30 patients undergoing haploidentical HSCT and 51 cases undergoing matched sibling donor HSCT (MSD-HSCT). Implantations of hematopoietie stem cells, incidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD), OS rate, disease free survival (DFS) rate, incidence of relapse and non-relapse-mortality were analyzed statistically. Multivariate analysis was used to analyze the risk factors related to OS. Results All patients achieved sustained engraftment. 100 days after Allo-HSCT, the cumulative incidence for Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD had no significant difference between haplo-HSCT and MSD-HSCT (56.7% versus 11.8%, P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the 1-year cumulative incidence for cGVHD between haplo-HSCT and MSD-HSCT (20.6% versus 45%, P=0.341). The 2-year OS rate in patients receiving haplo-HSCT and MSD-HSCT was 63.2% and 78.4% respectively (P=0.078). The 2-year DFS rate in patients receiving haplo-HSCT and MSD-HSCT was 54.8% and 66.9% respectively (P=0.159). The 2-year relapse and non-relapse-mortality rate in patients receiving haplo-HSCT and MSD-HSCT was 25.9% and 24%, and 22.9% and 9.5% respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in relapse rate and mortality between two groups (P=0.465, 0.118). Multivariate analysis showed that relapse and Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD were independent prognostic indictors for OS with relative risk 6.671 (95% CI 2.791-15.946) and 3.073 (95% CI 1.296~7.284) (P<0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic effects of haploidentical transplantation were similar to those of HLA-identical sibling transplantation. Relapse and Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD after transplantation have prognostic significance for the long-term survival of transplant patients.