A Comprehensive Theory of the Token-Phase Framework for Quantum Interference, Entanglement and Gravitation

This paper presents a comprehensive formulation of the Token-Phase Framework (TPF), an interpretive and mathematical model unifying the behaviour of quantum interference, entanglement, and gravitation through a single principle: that all quantised interactions arise from discrete tokens of phase exchange between coupled systems. Each token carries phase information but not substance. The framework removes the need for the conventional particle– wave duality, instead proposing that observable phenomena emerge from the structured exchange of phase-tokens governed by a finite-phase formalism akin to the Pegg–Barnett model [1]. The theory provides a rational reinterpretation of the photon in the photoelectric effect, the collapse of the wavefunction in quantum interference, and the coherence structure of gravitational coupling. It suggests that quantum and gravitational effects are manifestations of the same phase-token mechanism operating over different energy scales.