Extracellular vesicle‐mediated regulation of tumor angiogenesis— implications for anti‐angiogenesis therapy

Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumour progression. However, anti‐angiogenesis therapy of inhibiting pro‐angiogenic factors failed to meet expectations in certain types of tumour in clinical trials. Recent studies reveal that tumour‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential in tumour angiogenesis and anti‐angiogenesis drug resistance. This function has most commonly been attributed to EV contents including proteins and non‐coding RNAs. Here, we summarize the recent findings of tumour‐derived EV contents associated with regulating angiogenesis and illustrate the underlying mechanisms. In addition, the roles of EVs in tumour microenvironmental cells are also illustrated with a focus on how EVs participate in cell‐cell communication, contributing to tumour‐mediated angiogenesis. It will help offer new perspectives on developing targets of anti‐angiogenesis drugs and improve the efficacy of anti‐angiogenesis therapies based on tumour‐derived EVs.