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Analysis reveals inflation-free cosmology addresses the flatness problem with a novel mass structure in dwarf galaxies.
We explore a minimal, inflation-free cosmology driven by an ultralight axion-like particle (ALP) whose mass is strongly temperature-dependent. Above ∼100 GeV the field is effectively massless, producing a prolonged kinetic-dominated stiff-matter phase (w = +1) lasting ∼64 e-folds that substantially ameliorates the horizon and flatness problems. At late times the zero-temperature mass is m_a ≈ 3 × 10⁻¹⁹ eV, yielding solitonic cores of radius 1.1–1.8 kpc in 10⁸–10⁹ M⊙ dwarf galaxies — in excellent agreement with observed core sizes. As of November 2025, this mass sits near the edge of the still-viable region allowed by black-hole superradiance constraints, with some analyses excluding it and others permitting it depending on the treatment of higher modes and mild self-interactions. The model predicts clear, falsifiable deviations from ΛCDM on 0.5–5 kpc scales testable with upcoming Euclid, LSST, and 30-m class telescope data. Have a look also at my other work: Eternal Universe Theory – Mirror Edition E(u₁) = –E(u₂) A Two-Sheeted Energy-Antisymmetric Cosmology https://zenodo.org/records/17683904
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Frank Karol (2025) studied this question.
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