Outlining Stakeholders Responsibilities in Reverse Supply Chains: A Framework Based on a Systematic Literature Review

This study explores how responsibilities are shared among stakeholders in reverse supply chains (RSCs), using the lens of extended producer responsibility (EPR) and its evolution in the literature. Through a systematic literature review (SLR), it identifies how producers, importers, distributors, retailers, consumers, and governments contribute to RSC waste management under an expanded responsibility concept. Key responsibilities were found in areas such as education, waste monitoring, infrastructure, and recovery promotion. Although some duties are marked by cooperation, the study highlights gaps—particularly in stakeholder participation in critical functions like waste storage. A proposed framework illustrates stakeholder interactions and offers insights into how government and corporate actions can enhance waste management and environmental sustainability. The research advances theoretical understanding of shared responsibilities in RSC and provides practical guidance by identifying strategic priorities for improving reverse logistics systems.