Analysis reveals limited adoption of hospice and palliative care protocols in emergency medical services, indicating a need for better integration.
Across the U.S., HPC protocols remain inconsistently integrated into EMS systems. Fewer than one in four reviewed protocols included any HPC-specific guidance, and most lacked comprehensive components recommended by national guidelines. Broader adoption of HPC protocols and alignment with expert recommendations may improve the delivery of compassionate, goal-concordant care to a growing population of seriously ill patients in the out-of-hospital setting.
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Gunaga et al. (2025) studied this question.
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