Research progress on molecular therapy for glaucoma (Review)

Glaucoma is a notable public health concern as it can lead to irreversible vision loss; however, it remains challenging to treat effectively. Current options focus solely on managing intraocular pressure (IOP) to delay the progression of vision loss. The present review describes the multifaceted mechanisms of glaucoma and concludes by describing future promising treatment options that target specific mechanisms. Gene editing therapy is a promising option for patients with mutations known to cause glaucoma. Modulating the expression of genes involved in IOP regulation or neurodegeneration is another potential approach. Additionally, therapies targeting relevant molecular and metabolic pathways are also currently under investigation. The present review aims to highlight the most promising avenues for molecular intervention in glaucoma and guide future research efforts toward effective, long‑term solutions for preserving vision.