Distributed EMS Coordination Via Price-Signal Control for Renewable Energy Communities

This work presents a two-level Energy Management System (EMS) for Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) combining rule-based local control with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) coordination. A central Energy Management Hub (CEMH) uses digital twins of each Home EMS to optimize community performance through price-signal adjustments rather than direct control. The method achieves near-optimal self-consumption and incentive gains, largely within 10% of an MILP benchmark, while reducing computational time by about threefold. The approach ensures scalability, resilience, and fairness through a transparent incentive redistribution mechanism, enabling real-time and socially accepted REC coordination.