Recent Advances in Glucose Fuel Cells for Biomedical Applications

Glucose fuel cells (GFCs), which convert glucose‐derived bioenergy into electrical energy, have received significant attention for their potential applications in biomedical fields. Their inherent sustainability and potential for integration into devices make them particularly attractive for next‐generation bioelectronics, especially in monitoring and therapeutic systems. In recent years, notable progress has been made in improving GFC performance, adaptability, and integration with physiological environments. This review summarizes recent advancements in GFCs, with a focus on catalyst and electrode structures, utilization of physiological glucose sources, and their advantages and limitations. It also highlights the biomedical applications of GFCs, including tissue repair, biosensing, drug delivery, and power supply. Finally, the key challenges, current limitations, and future directions for the clinical translation of GFC technologies are discussed. This review aims to serve as a valuable reference for the continued development of self‐sustained, bioenergy‐driven medical technologies.