Adaptation of the endplate in skeletal muscle of Homer 2 -/- mice

At the neuromuscular junction, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) dynamics is regulated in a nerve- and activity-dependent manner. Correlated local alterations in myoplasmic [Ca 2+ ] i , induced by IP 3 -sensitive subsynaptic Ca 2+ stores, have been proposed to signal motor endplate adaptation to motor neuron stimulation. Accordingly, there is evidence for a modulatory role of Ca 2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIβ (CaMKIIβ) in the sorting, targeting, and/or incorporation of nAChRs into the postsynaptic membrane. As the scaffold protein Homer 2 emerges as a key player in integrating downstream postsynaptic signaling pathways, this study investigated the possible involvement of Homer 2 in the molecular mechanism controlling nAChR dynamics. Using Homer 2 -/- transgenic mice, it was found that Homer 2 ablation leads to a chronic adaptation of the endplate characterized by: 1) reduction in nAChR activity due to slower insertion of nAChRs into the endplate; 2) reduced subsynaptic IP 3 R1 content and IP 3 -releasable Ca 2+ ; and 3) impaired colocalization of CaMKIIβ with nAChRs. Overall, the present results demonstrate that Homer 2 ablation produces a significant alteration in endplate nAChR dynamics, which is associated with impaired organization of the subsynaptic IP 3 -driven Ca 2+ signaling mechanism.