Advancements in the Utilization of Lime Kiln Flue Gas for Carbon Dioxide-Based Fertilizer in Protected Agriculture

The utilization of lime kiln flue gas for producing CO2-based fertilizer represents an emerging pathway to link industrial emission reduction with sustainable agricultural development. This review summarizes recent progress in CO2 capture, purification, and application technologies, with a focus on their suitability for protected agriculture. It discusses the advantages of high CO2 concentration and low-temperature tail gas, the challenges posed by impurities, and the technological routes for efficient CO2 recycling. The review highlights that controlled CO2 fertilization can significantly enhance crop growth and quality, while the effects of residual gases and uneven distribution require further investigation. Future research should prioritize the development of scalable, low-cost adsorbents and precision fertilization systems based on digital twin technologies to promote the integration of industrial carbon recycling and smart agriculture.