Research demonstrates that uPAR influences fibrosis in systemic sclerosis, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic biomarker.
Description Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in Systemic Sclerosis: from molecular target to diagnostic biomarker Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by widespread vasculopathy, the presence of autoantibodies, and progressive fibrosis of skin and visceral organs. There are still many questions about its pathogenesis, particularly in the complex regulation of fibrotic process, and in the factors that trigger its onset. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol-(GPI) anchored protein formed by three domains (DI-DII-DIII), serves to bind the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and localize the activation reactions in the proteolytic cascade of plasminogen activation system. Our recent studies highlighted the key role of uPAR in the fibrotic phase of the disease. Synthetic compounds targeting uPAR significantly inhibited oxidative stress and SSc fibroblast proliferation, thus suggesting new opportunities for the development of new-targeted therapies in fibrotic diseases. Moreover, after the removal of the GPI anchor by proteases or phospholipases, uPAR shed from the cell membrane and exist as a soluble form (suPAR) that is detectable in various body fluids. The analysis of serum suPAR in SSc patients showed that suPAR could be considered as a novel biomarker for vascular dysfuction in SSc. Finally, uPAR is an emerging biomarker and molecular target in SSc.
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Napolitano et al. (2025) studied this question.
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