Analyzing the Impact of Air‐Jet Loom Settings and Weft Yarn Type on the Abrasion Resistance of Plain Woven Fabrics

Weft insertion in air‐jet weaving results in twist loss to the weft yarn, and as a result of this, the durability properties of the fabric are impaired. This study focuses on the single and interaction effects of yarn type and weaving condition on fabric abrasion resistance properties, which were not investigated before. Eighteen Ne ring‐spun and rotor‐spun yarns were used as weft yarns, and their impacts on fabric abrasion resistance were analyzed. The loom speed and relay nozzle air pressures of the air‐jet loom were considered factors and varied in the range of 300–510 RPM of loom speed, 2–4 bar left‐side relay nozzle air pressure (LSRNP), and 3–6.5 bar right‐side relay nozzle air pressure (RSRNP), respectively. A full factorial design was used to design and analyze the results of the experiment. The experiments revealed that the fabric′s resistance to abrasion decreased with the reduction in loom speed and increased air pressure in both relay nozzle groups. Ring‐spun weft yarn exhibits higher twist loss, resulting in lower resistance to abrasion in fabric samples compared to rotor‐spun weft yarn. These findings provide practical guidance for textile manufacturers to optimize loom settings and yarn selection for enhanced fabric durability.