Research demonstrates ISGylation plays a key antiviral role in lung cells during HPIV3 infection, indicating its importance in host response.
Description Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) is an RNA virus belonging to the paramyxovirus family, which include clinically important viruses such as Nipah, Hendra, Mumps, and Measles. HPIV3 causes lower respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, bronchiolitis and croup in infants and young children. ISGylation is a ubiquitin-like modification controlling various aspects of host response during infections. It was still unknown whether paramyxoviruses can trigger ISGylation during infection and the role of ISGylation, if any, during infection. We now show that HPIV3 can induce ISGylation in both myeloid immune (macrophages) and non-myeloid stromal (epithelial cells) cells. Interestingly, using ISGylation deficient lung epithelial cells, we demonstrate ISGylation playing an antiviral role during infection. Mechanistically, ISGylation restricted HPIV3 budding, possibly by impairing HPIV3 Matrix protein mediated budding from epithelial cells.
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Miller et al. (2025) studied this question.
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