Subnanometer Equidistant Spin Arrays on Transition Metal-Doped γ-Graphyne for Ultrafast Spin Logic

Uniform spin-based architectures are critical to ensure signal integrity, minimize power dissipation, and enable scalable manufacturing. Here, a subnanometer-scale array of equidistant transition metal (TM) atoms─Fe, Co, and Ni─precisely anchored onto a γ-graphyne nanowire (γ-GYNW) is constructed, achieving quantum-confined spin centers with 0.7 nm spatial periodicity. Through first-principles dynamics simulations, the elemental species and spatial arrangement of the four TM atoms are systematically modulated, and based on the spin density localization, the TM₄-γ-GYNW structure [TM₁(Fe), TM₂(Co), TM₃(Ni), TM₄(Fe)] is selected for further calculation. Intriguingly, the spin density distribution exhibits localized characteristics at five distinct sites: TM₁(Fe), TM₂(Co), TM2&3(Co&Ni), TM₃(Ni), and TM₄(Fe), thereby constructing a five-functional-node structure. Enabling both local spin flips and long-range spin transfer on picosecond time scales, leveraging these ultrafast and coherent spin dynamics, the optically driven binary and ternary logic operations are realized with fidelities exceeding 91%. The uniform atomic arrangement mitigates electromagnetic interference and suppresses spin decoherence, while the extended π-conjugation of graphyne facilitates efficient spin communication. This architecture provides a scalable platform beyond conventional CMOS paradigms, offering a viable pathway toward high-density, low-power, and fault-tolerant spin-based computing.