Anti‐inflammatory components of the essential oil from the leaves of Citrus × aurantium L. based on network pharmacology study

The scientific name of the species “Quýt hoi,” a specialty of Pu Luong Commune, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam, was determined to be Citrus × aurantium L. by morphological and molecular methods. The essential oil of Citrus × aurantium L. leaves possesses a characteristic composition of monoterpene hydrocarbons (56.2%), oxygenated monoterpenes (14.3%), as well as a distinctively high content of aromatic compounds (24.8%). The five main constituents of the oil are γ ‐terpinene (24.7%), thymol methyl ether (14.7%), linalool (12.3%), β ‐pinene (12.2%), and thymol (5.2%). Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses revealed that ( E )‐ β ‐caryophyllene and bicyclogermacrene were active components interacting with AKT1, GAPDH, and TNF‐ α inflammatory pathway proteins. These findings encourage more research on the Citrus × aurantium L. leaves for the treatment of inflammatory‐related diseases.