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Experiential exercise illustrates expectancy theory's influence on behavior choices, highlighting control and expectancy factors.
This paper describes an in-class experiential exercise for teaching expectancy theory, with a focus on understanding how individuals choose from multiple potential behaviors. The exercise is comprised of four simple games: one a “control” and three with clear and memorable manipulations of the key components of expectancy theory (expectancy, instrumentality, and valence).
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Jack Carson (2025) studied this question.
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