Post-intensive care unit syndrome: the silent legacy of intensive care unit survival. Narrative review and strategies for its approach in intermediate respiratory care units

Advances in intensive care have increased survival rates among critically ill patients but revealed a new challenge: post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). This syndrome, affecting patients' physical, cognitive, and psychological well-being, also impacts their quality of life (QoL). Recognized in the early 21st century, PICS is now a research and clinical priority, particularly in specialized units like intermediate respiratory care units (IRCUs). This review aims to examine the evolution, clinical impact, and management strategies of PICS. A narrative review approach was utilized. A systematic search was conducted in biomedical databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar), identifying relevant studies on PICS, its manifestations, risk factors, and therapeutic strategies. The review included original articles and clinical guidelines published between 2010 and 2024. The findings are organized into emerging themes: clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnostic tools, management strategies, and the role of IRCUs. Each theme was analyzed to identify recurring patterns and gaps in the current knowledge base. IRCUs offer an ideal setting to address PICS-related sequelae, improving patients' QoL and facilitating their social reintegration. However, ongoing research is essential to optimize therapeutic strategies and develop more effective care models.