Cytological Diagnosis of Primary Effusion Lymphoma in the Uncommon Clinical Setting of an HIV ‐Negative Patient With End‐Stage Renal Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) represents a small proportion of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. It typically manifests as a serous effusion in HIV‐positive patients and is associated with Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV8). We, herein, describe a case of PEL in an 84‐year‐old male, with HIV‐negative status and on haemodialysis (HD) for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). This report emphasizes the significance of cytological examination of effusions, especially in those with no tumour mass, who present with persistent or recurrent effusions.