The "Triple Helix" As a Temporary and Transitory Phenomenon, What Now?

Innovation production coupled with rapid application has been a feature of UK and Swedish technology entrepreneurship starting around the time of the industrialists of the Victorian era. The deliberate concatenation of state, university research and concomitant mercantile exploitation, often called the "triple helix", was a feature of the second half of the 20th century, and both the UK and Sweden pushed to emulate the "Stanford/Silicone Valley" effect. More recent data shows that universities are less efficient than other innovation areas in producing and applying innovations. Consequences for the triple helix model are discussed.