The Role of the Greater Omentum Flap in the Prevention of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS): A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background/Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the evidence regarding the effect of greater omentum flap transposition (OFT) on low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) in patients who undergo rectal resections. Methods: This study was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Quality assessment was based on the ROBINS-I tool. Analyses were performed by utilizing the Random Effects (RE) model. Results: Overall, three retrospective studies and 100 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis confirmed that OFT did not improve postoperative LARS scores in 3 months (MD: −1.54; 95%CI: −7.30, 4.22; p = 0.6), 6 (MD: 3.75; 95%CI: −20.16, 27.66; p = 0.76) and 9 (MD: −4.86; 95%CI: −28.38, 18.66; p = 0.69) months postoperatively. Similarly, OFT did not impact the overall postoperative morbidity rate (p = 0.1), the pooled operation duration (p = 0.21), and the hospitalization duration (p = 0.21). Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest that OFT does not influence postoperative LARS, morbidity, and perioperative efficiency. Given the limited available evidence and several study limitations, further randomized controlled trials are required.