4D printing enhances mobility and quality of life in orthopaedics, indicating improvements in surgical procedures and prosthetic designs.
Abstract: 4D printing is rapidly emerging as a transformative technology in orthopaedics due to its ability to respond dynamically to physiological stimuli. Unlike conventional static materials, 4D-printed structures can alter their shape, stiffness, or functionality in response to pressure, temperature, or movement, making them ideal for customized medical applications. One significant advantage lies in prosthetic development, where 4D materials allow limbs to adapt in real time to the user’s activity, enhancing fit, comfort, and overall performance. For amputees, this adaptability improves mobility and quality of life. Additionally, 4D printing enables the creation of intelligent surgical guides that adjust to a patient’s anatomy during procedures, ensuring greater accuracy and optimal alignment in complex surgeries such as joint replacements.
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Garg et al. (2025) studied this question.
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