Green nanotechnology acaricides: sustainable nano-solutions for next-generation tick control

Ticks are among the most significant ectoparasites affecting livestock, pets, and humans, transmitting a wide range of pathogens that cause serious diseases such as babesiosis, theileriosis, and Lyme disease. Conventional chemical acaricides, though effective initially, have led to widespread resistance, environmental contamination, and non-target toxicity. In this context, green nanotechnology has emerged as a promising eco-friendly alternative for next-generation tick control. This approach utilizes biologically synthesized nanoparticles derived from plant extracts, microbes, or natural polymers, offering biocompatibility, stability, and enhanced acaricidal efficacy. Metallic nanoparticles such as silver, zinc oxide, and copper oxide—synthesized via green routes—have demonstrated potent larvicidal and adulticidal activity against various tick species while minimizing ecological risks. Moreover, nanoformulations enable controlled release, increased surface interaction, and improved penetration through the tick cuticle, enhancing overall efficacy. Integrating green nanotechnology with sustainable pest management strategies could revolutionize acaricide development, reducing dependence on synthetic chemicals and supporting a safer, more sustainable agricultural ecosystem.