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Prospective cohort study shows immunogenicity and unique metabolic pathways in lymphoid malignancy patients post COVID-19 vaccination, suggesting different immune responses.
Description Metabolomics provides a comprehensive analysis of small molecules, crucial for understanding immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination. This study explores metabolic changes induced by mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in patients with lymphoid malignancies (LM) compared to healthy controls. In a prospective cohort study, 41 LM patients and 28 healthy adults were enrolled. Plasma samples were collected at pre- and post-vaccination. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against the Spike protein were quantified using a single-molecule array assay. Untargeted metabolomics analysis via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified a range of metabolites. Statistical analyses identified relevant metabolic pathways associated with immunogenicity. The median fold change of anti-Spike titers from baseline to 1-month post-series in the healthy cohort was 404.8 and 179.5 for the LM cohort. The study identified 1,492 metabolites across 121 metabolic subpathways. The LM cohort showed distinct metabolic clustering from healthy controls, suggesting a differentiated immune response. This was further emphasized with dynamic metabolic shifts found one month after the first dose. Acyl Carnitine and Lysophospholipid, crucial lipid metabolites for immune response, were perturbed indicating that LM patients respond differently to vaccination than healthy individuals. Our findings highlight the potential of metabolomics to elucidate vaccine response mechanisms among different populations.
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Arce et al. (2025) studied this question.
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