Data and values in public-sector decision making: how are fact and value related?

This article examines the role of facts and values in public-sector decisions. I articulate an argument that has a place for both factual and evaluative inputs, developing a blended view that moves away from the fact-value dichotomy. On the one hand, knowledge of what works through facts and data is useful and necessary, given that interventions in the public sector are inherently practical and geared toward outcomes. On the other hand, the intelligibility of facts presupposes values and thus judgments are value-laden. In examining decisions, I sketch a framework regarding decision-making in the public sector. All decisions have factual and evaluative inputs; however, not all inputs are the same for all decisions. Some decisions are more sensitive to facts and data, whereas others are more indeterminate and require deliberation. The conclusion discusses some implications for decision makers and areas for further examination in connection with public value and emerging technologies.