Effect of Pseudomonas Toxins on Cotton and Faba Bean Seed Germination: A Toxicological Analysis

AbstractToxins are a significant threat to seed viability and crop establishment, especially in cotton (Gossypium spp.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.), two valuable agricultural species. Toxins affect germination in cotton seeds by reducing metabolic processes, slowing sprouting, and altering developmental pathways needed for seedling establishment. Similarly, faba bean seeds that were exposed to toxins germinate poorly, are stunted, and in general were slowed down from germinating as a result of the toxins controlling biochemical processes that are important for early plant development. Microbial contaminants Pseudomonas spp. are of particular concern due to the wide range of toxic metabolites released and their ability, in many cases, to destroy cellular structures, inhibit normal physiological processes, or impact host defense mechanisms. The value of understanding and applying information dealing with the role of Pseudomonas toxins is paramount to improving healthy seed and yields. In this study, we assess the impact of three Pseudomonas toxins on the germination of faba bean and cotton seeds. This study indicates the inhibitory processes they can cause, the concomitant challenges, and possible mechanisms of minimizing toxin-produced damage to support sustainable production systems.