Comparing biofeedback device vs diaphragmatic breathing for bloating relief: A randomized controlled trial

Background Abdominal bloating is a very common and often quite debilitating complaint affecting nearly 18% of people worldwide. There is very little known about whether or not breathing exercises can help reduce bloating. Methods In a prospective study, we investigated the effects of breathing exercises using either a PDF of written instructions on diaphragmatic breathing or a biofeedback respiratory practice device (Calmigo ® ) on abdominal bloating. Participants were randomized to either intervention and asked to practice three times daily for 3 min each time for 6 weeks. Bloating was evaluated at baseline and every week for 7 weeks via online self-reported surveys. Results Eighty-five participants were randomized to either written instructions ( n = 36) or Calmigo ® ( n = 45). There was no difference between the two groups at baseline in demographic features, anxiety, depression, or bloating severity. While bloating improved at all time points, it was statistically significant in the 4 weeks in the Calmigo ® group and at weeks 3, 4, and 5 in the written instructions group. Higher baseline anxiety and lower depression symptoms were predictive of improvement in bloating at 4 weeks. Conclusion Brief breathing exercises, either using written instructions or Calmigo ® , improve bloating symptoms. These could be considered in the management of functional abdominal bloating.