Targeting of specific CCR5-G protein complexes underlies biased signaling by HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins

These findings reveal that CCR5 exists in a mosaic of distinct membrane-associated functional states, differentially accessed by viral and endogenous ligands. This spatial and signaling compartmentalization provides a mechanistic framework to understand CCR5's functional diversity in health and disease and highlights the potential for developing context-specific CCR5-targeted therapeutic strategies.