Analysis reveals improved radiation properties in a broadband wearable antenna, suggesting enhanced functionality for flexible devices.
In this paper, a compact broadband flexible wearable antenna with an improved high‐order mode radiation pattern is designed and analysed using the characteristic mode analysis (CMA) method. Through loading nonuniform stacked patches on traditional metasurface (MS) unit cells, the radiation properties of high‐order mode are enhanced, thereby widening the operating bandwidth of the antenna. The antenna achieves broadband impedance matching by simultaneously exciting the slot radiation mode and two metasurface modes via a coupling feed. The antenna is fabricated using membrane circuits on felt substrates. It is demonstrated that the antenna achieves a −10 dB bandwidth of 4.42–7.66 GHz (53.6%) and a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 4.55–7.54 GHz (49.5%). The peak gain is measured at 9.6 dBi while maintaining a compact size of 0.62 × 0.62 λ 0 2 . In addition, the robustness and specific absorption rate (SAR) properties of the proposed antenna are evaluated.
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Xue et al. (2025) studied this question.
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