Enrichment of vitamin B12-producing Porphyrobacter in the phycosphere microbiome promotes microalgal stress adaptation to antibiotic exposure

Collectively, our findings establish stress-induced enrichment of B₁₂-producing Porphyrobacter within the phycosphere microbiome as a pivotal mechanism underlying microalgal antibiotic adaptation. This insight facilitates the rational development of microalgae-microbiome systems for enhanced wastewater treatment and sustainable bioproduction, with applications in aquatic feed supplementation, biofuel production, and biofertilizer development. Video Abstract.