Advancements and applications of intaglio printing pigments: a comprehensive review

Purpose This study aims to focus on intaglio printing and the variety of pigments used in intaglio inks – commonly included and also those for specific applications. Design/methodology/approach Pigments in intaglio inks, as colourants and for hiding, but specifically pigments with functional properties for security inks, have been covered, such as carbon black, cholesteric liquid crystals, magnetite and metallic pigments. Findings Intaglio process is used for diverse applications from textiles to illustrations. As this process results in raised print, it is the preferred printing method for high-value documents. The pigments act as further overt or covert authentication features because of their functional properties, such as magnetism, luminescence and infrared absorption. Originality/value This study gives an overview of intaglio inks and intaglio printing techniques and detailed insight into the pigments used in these inks for their distinctive properties. The types of functional pigments, their synthesis process and structure and working principle are detailed. With rising cases of counterfeiting and fakery, such pigments are becoming increasingly important in security printing inks.