Vegetation Response in the Tundra, Forest-Tundra, and Taiga Zones of Western Siberia to Climate Changes in 2000–2022 According to Satellite Data

The work is devoted to the study of the vegetation response in the tundra, forest-tundra, and taiga zones of Western Siberia to climate change (temperature and precipitation) according to MODIS/Terra+Aqua satellite data for the period (2000–2022). The study is based on the maps of land cover (The MODIS Land Cover Type). Based on maps from 2001, 2010, and 2020, the areas of vegetation classes in tundra, forest-tundra, and taiga were determined. Multidirectional dynamics of the areas of the vegetation classes were noted. Positive trends in the long-term series of average summer (June, July, August) temperature and NDVI values of tundra, forest-tundra, and taiga vegetation for the period 2000–2022 were identified. A slight positive trend was noted in the long-term series of average annual precipitation in the territory of the grass tundra, and a negative trend in the territory of the shrub tundra. Positive trends in the long-term series of average summer NDVI values of vegetation and temperature were identified in the territory of permanent wetlands and forested swamps. Precipitation trends in wetland areas remained unchanged. For the periods (2001–2010) and (2010–2020), the following phenomena were revealed: the movement of the shrub tundra to the north, into the territory of the grass tundra, and the movement of the shrub tundra and northern woodland into the territory of the forest-tundra. The movement of the forest to the north, into the forest-tundra zone, was also noted.