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This analysis demonstrates a colorimetric approach for detecting cancer biomarkers in plasma, indicating advancements in point-of-care diagnostics.
The current study evaluated the application of a novel and advanced photochemical biosensing platform for the detection of multiple biomarkers of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15–3 (CA 15.3) in human plasma samples using optical biomedical analysis. For the first time, toluidine blue (TB)‐decorated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) micro‐arrays integrated with smartphone‐based digital image analysis towards cancer biomarkers detection. Immunosensing was achieved through antigen‐antibody binding, which induce TB aggregation via immunocomplex formation, resulting in quantifiable colorimetric shifts mediated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) modulation. The assay demonstrated linear ranges of 1–60, 1–75 and 1–125 µg/mL, with a low limit of quantification of 10, 1 and 1 µg/mL, for PSA, CEA and CA 15.3, respectively. A smartphone‐enabled ambient light sensor was employed for real‐time digital colorimetry, enabling user‐friendly quantification of prostate, colon and breast cancer biomarker without specialized instrumentation. The developed system addresses critical gaps in point‐of‐care diagnostics by combining scalable PMMA microarray fabrication, targeted TB‐antibody conjugation chemistry and machine vision‐based signal processing into a unified workflow. This low‐cost, multiplexed sensing approach holds significant promise for early cancer screening in resource‐limited settings, with potential applications in clinical diagnostics, remote health monitoring and personalized medicine.
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Yaghoubi et al. (2025) studied this question.
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