δ‐Bismuth Oxide Responsible for Tooth Discolouration—A Laboratory Investigation

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Laboratory analysis shows tooth discolouration from bismuth oxide reactions with sodium hypochlorite, implying dental materials need review.

Tooth discolouration resulted from the interaction of bismuth oxide with sodium hypochlorite.
Thermographic analysis indicated a 5%–10% weight change due to phase changes in the material.
Experimental methodology included infrared spectroscopy and thermographic analysis to assess material properties.
Findings highlight the instability of bismuth oxide, calling for changes in endodontic treatment guidelines.

Paul Zaslansky (2025) studied this question.

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Laboratory analysis shows tooth discolouration from bismuth oxide reactions with sodium hypochlorite, implying dental materials need review.