Precise Morphological Control of Beaded Fibers From Immiscible Polymer Blends: A Systematic Study via Orthogonal Experiments and ANOVA

This study achieves precise morphological control of beaded fibers by electrospinning immiscible polycarbosilane (PCS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hybrid solutions. Through systematic orthogonal experiments, we investigated the key operating conditions: PCS/PVP ratio, applied voltage, injection rate, and receiving distance. ANOVA analysis quantified their distinct impacts, revealing that the PCS/PVP ratio is the dominant factor governing fiber length (44.4% effect rate) and bead width (39.1%), while applied voltage primarily controls bead length (33.7%). Furthermore, the combination of a lower injection rate (e.g., 0.9 mL/h) and a higher voltage (e.g., 16 kV) was identified as an effective strategy for achieving refined, uniform nanoscale beaded fibers. This research provides a quantitative framework for tailoring beaded fiber morphology, suggesting their potential for future applications in fields such as optics, biomedicine, and advanced textiles.