Intra‐ and Postoperative Botulinum Toxin Injection in Postsurgical Pain Management: A Literature Review

Postoperative pain remains a significant challenge in surgical services, which necessitates improving analgesic strategies to enhance patient outcomes. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which was primarily approved for the treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm, has demonstrated a promising impact on pain reduction through mechanisms such as neurotransmitter inhibition, receptor modulation, glial activity suppression, and interactions with opioidergic and GABAergic systems. A number of studies have investigated BoNT’s impact on postsurgical pain. However, there is a lack of evaluation of its efficacy, safety, and optimal administration protocols across different surgical settings. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on the efficacy and complications of intra‐ and postoperative BoNT injections in managing postsurgical pain across various surgical procedures, including orthopedic and head and neck surgeries, mastectomy, hemorrhoidectomy, and fissurectomy.