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December 5, 2025BMC Medicine13 citationsOpen Access

Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study

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NBNancy BabioCBClara BelzerJVJesús Vioqué

Key Points

  • Cognitive decline slows with greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, improving gut microbiota profiles.
  • A favorable microbiome signature linked to Mediterranean diet adherence suggests positive cognitive trajectories.
  • Prospective cohort analysis studied older adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome over six years.
  • These findings highlight the need for microbiome-based dietary interventions in promoting cognitive health.

Abstract

Greater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a favorable gut microbiota profile and slower cognitive decline over 6-year of follow-up. A microbiome-derived signature of MedDiet adherence was prospectively associated with favorable cognitive trajectories in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. External validation and experimental research are warranted to translate these findings into targeted microbiome-based dietary interventions for healthy cognitive aging.

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Cite This Study

Babio et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/693231118e51979591dce093https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04488-y
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