Photoelectron spectroscopy reveals oxidation states in plutonium, indicating kinetics affected by exposure time.
Plutonium metal oxidizes by forming an oxide layer on the surface. This oxide layer consists on Pu2O3 and PuO2. Photoelectron spectroscopy allows us to evaluate the growth kinetics of both oxides. A metal surface of a PuGa1 at. %, free of contamination, was prepared and oxidized by O2 exposures at ambient temperature. The Pu 4f core level exhibits clearly the progress of the formation of the different oxidation states as a function of exposure time.
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Lionel JOLLY (2025) studied this question.
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