Upright positioning improves robustness and organ sparing in carbon-ion radiotherapy, indicating better treatment options.
The anterior beams at 15°in the upright setup (U15) showed the best balance of robustness and OAR sparing, making it the preferred option. The 15°-angled supine setup (S15) is a practical alternative. S0 and U45 are not recommended due to inferior robustness and higher brainstem dose, respectively.
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Huang et al. (2025) studied this question.
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