Decade Analysis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mortality Rates in India

Introduction Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common cause of stroke. Despite advancements, ICH remains a devastating disease, with a mortality rate of 40‐50%. In countries such as India, noted to be one of the fastest growing economies in the world, the need for greater advancements for ICH patients is imperative. Herein, we provide a decade analysis of the overall mortality rates for patients suffering from an ICH in India. Findings of this analysis can be of value to neurosurgeons involved in the care of ICH patients in India, as well as in global neurosurgery initiatives. Methods Global Burden of Disease Database was queried in October 2024 to gather ICH related deaths in India divided per each respective state from 2011‐2021. All individuals were included within this analysis. Data was age‐standardized to account for age structure. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Other Union Territories, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal were the states included within this analysis. Results Of the 31 included states within India, Chhattisgarh was found to possess the greatest mortality rate in 2011 (93.68) and 2021 (89.73) per 100,000 population. The lowest mortality rates in 2011 and 2021 were in Mizoram (14.05, 11.35). The greatest percent difference was in Jharkhand (‐40.01%), with the lowest percent difference being in Rajasthan (+0.55%). Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh displayed an increase in mortality rates. Conclusion The findings of this study display an overall positive trend towards improvement in mortality rates in India for ICH patients. Further investigation and analysis is warranted to better understand the measures at play within India that have led to these improvements. Greater investigation is warranted to determine why certain states in India exhibit an overall lower mortality rate when compared to other states, and how measures taken in those states can be applied universally if applicable.