Construction of a built-in electric field in Mo-doped Ni/WO 3 to enhance asymmetric charge distribution for efficient overall water splitting

Key Points

• Water splitting efficiency is improved through Mo doping, enhancing hydrophilicity in interfaces.
• The presence of an electric field promotes better charge distribution during the splitting process.
• Doping with Mo lowers the energy barrier for intermediates in hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions.
• Improvements observed in interfacial charge characteristics may facilitate future energy applications.