Observational analysis highlights improvements in professional autonomy for psychiatrists through education and training.
Summary Resource restrictions and changes to the ways in which psychiatrists are managed threaten professional autonomy and motivation. With examples from English National Health Service practice, maintaining knowledge and expertise, involvement in education and training, supporting research delivery and developing active followership skills represent transferable and realistic strategies that can improve psychiatrists’ autonomy wherever they work.
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Robert Howard (2025) studied this question.
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