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December 8, 2025ACM Transactions on Graphics2 citationsOpen Access

KISSColor: Kinetic and Intuitive Stroke Stretching for Vector Drawing Colorization

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HXHongxu XinYLYuan LiuCTChanghe Tu

Key Points

  • This research aims to improve colorization of hand-drawn vector sketches by identifying intended closed regions.
  • Introduced KISSColor for inferring closed regions from open strokes.
  • Utilized kinetic stroke stretching to grow strokes along tangent isolines.
  • Employed Mixed Integer Programming to mitigate redundant intersections.
  • Achieved better intuitiveness in partitioning for colorization of imprecise sketches.
  • Reduced fragmentation in closed regions through simultaneous stroke growth.

Abstract

Hand-drawn vector sketches often contain implied lines, imprecise intersections, and unintended gaps, making it challenging to identify closed regions for colorization. These challenges become more pronounced as the number of strokes increases. In this paper, we present KISSColor, a novel method for inferring users' intended closed regions. Specifically, we propose intuitive stroke stretching by extending open strokes along tangent isolines of winding-number fields, which provably form geometrically aligned closed regions. Extending all open strokes can lead to overly fragmented regions due to redundant intersections. While a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) formulation helps reduce redundancy, it is computationally expensive. To improve efficiency, we introduce kinetic stroke stretching, which grows all strokes simultaneously and prioritizes early intersections using a kinetic data structure. This approach preserves stylistic ambiguity for lines requiring long extensions. Based on the growth results, redundant regions are suppressed to minimize fragmentation. We conduct extensive experiments demonstrating the effectiveness of KISSColor, which generates more intuitive partitions, especially for imprecise sketches (see teaser figure). Our code and data will be released upon publication.

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Cite This Study

Xin et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/693624ce4fa91c937236cec6https://doi.org/10.1145/3763307
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