What type of study is this?

This is a Cross-Sectional Study study.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to explore how sex, alcohol use, and tobacco use intersect among Ugandan adults.

December 8, 2025PLoS ONEOpen Access

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Cross-sectional study reveals alcohol use higher in females and tobacco use in males, indicating distinct behavioral patterns.

This study aims to explore how sex, alcohol use, and tobacco use intersect among Ugandan adults.
Analyzed data from the 2014 WHO STEPS survey of 3,987 Ugandan adults aged 18-69.
Defined 'current use' as self-reported consumption of alcohol or tobacco within the past 30 days.
Stratified frequencies and proportions by sex; fitted hierarchical log-linear models to assess interactions.
Evaluated model fit using the Likelihood-Ratio Chi-square and Dissimilarity Index statistics.
Females reported higher alcohol use (60.0%) compared to males (38.9%).
Males had slightly higher tobacco use (9.05%) than females (7.95%).
Combined alcohol and tobacco use was more common in females (4.89%) than males (3.20%).
The Alcohol × Tobacco interaction was non-significant, indicating independent behaviors.

Kakaire et al. (2025) studied this question.

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