Influence of Drying Protocol on the Setting and Crystalline Phase Formation of Calcium Silicate‐Based Sealers

The objective of this study was to assess the hydration, crystalline structure, and setting of bioceramic ready‐to‐use and powder/liquid sealers in dry and wet root canal dentine. Thirty‐two single‐rooted human teeth were embedded in acrylic resin and sectioned into 2‐mm segments. Canals were filled under dry or moist conditions using BioRoot RCS or Bio‐C Sealer. Setting time was assessed using a modified Gilmore needle. Hydration was analyzed via Raman and FT‐IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) after 28 days. Data were analysed using two‐way ANOVA and Tukey test ( α = 5%). Bio‐C Sealer had shorter setting times in moist canals ( p < 0.01), while BioRoot showed no significant difference ( p > 0.05). Raman identified a calcite peak (1150 cm −1 ), and FT‐IR showed water reduction over time. XRD detected calcium hydroxide in moist Bio‐C Sealer and apatite/calcite in BioRoot. Dentine moisture is crucial for the setting of ready‐to‐use calcium silicate‐based sealers.