Study on the Thermal Abuse Damage Characteristics of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery and Its Detection Method

Structural damage to batteries is a major contributing factor to safety incidents in electrochemical energy storage systems. Among the various types of damage, thermal abuse is particularly prevalent. However, effective methods for quantifying and detecting such damage remain in the early stages of development. Further investigations are required to gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics of battery structural damage and develop more accurate detection techniques. This study explores the thermal abuse behavior of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. The study examines the damage process induced by thermal abuse and presents a detection method that utilizes the generation of H₂ and CO as diagnostic markers. This method was validated under four distinct operational conditions, demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying thermal abuse. The findings introduce a novel gas‐based approach for detecting structural damage. This method utilizes H₂ and CO as universal markers, enabling it to overcome the limitations of traditional impedance and temperature monitoring techniques. The method demonstrates exceptional efficacy in real‐time identification of thermal abuse across various operating conditions.